Biocontrol products: definitions and work in progress

Auxilary macro-organismes

Invertebrates, insects, mites or nematodes. Modes of action: parasitoids, predators or entomopathogenic nematodes.

The EGI (Ecology and Genetics of Insests) team of IGEPP
Auxilary macro-organismes, in collaboration with LARIS, Plante&Cité, FREDON PACA, KOPPERT and IF TECH, has developed an integrated biological protection strategy with the use of a nematode and an auxiliary insect, which has led to commercial products (Tigranem,Tigrador). A tool also been created to quantify leaf discolouration and evaluate the effectiveness of biocontrol products - PETAAL projet - (2009 - 2012) – FUI funds.

Bruno Jaloux

Bruno Jaloux

bruno.jaloux @ agrocampus-ouest.fr (bruno.jaloux @ agrocampus-ouest.fr)

Chemical mediators

Insect pheromones and kairomones. Modes of action: sexual confusion, mass entrapment.

Chemical mediators

The EGI team of IGEPP has shown that low doses of neonicotinoids promote the reproduction of pests by stimulating their sense of smell - PHEROTOX projet (2012-2016) - ANR funds
The potential interactions between low doses of insectmust be taken into account when using them for biocontrol.

Sylvia Anton

sulvia.anton @ inra.fr (sulvia.anton @ inra.fr)

Natural substances

Substances of plant, animal, microbial and mineral origin. Modes of action: direct effect on the pest or stimulation of the defenses of the plant.

Natural substancesDuring her PhD thesis at LBPV, Sabine Tourneur evaluates the role of miPEPs (new class of regulatory peptides) in controlling the interaction between sunflower and the parasitic plant orobanche - miPEPITO project (2017-2020) in collaboration with MicroPEP Technologies - ANR funds.

Philippe Delavault

Philippe Delavaut

philippe.delavault @ unv-nantes.fr (philippe.delavault @ unv-nantes.fr)

IRHS is studying the ability of secondary metabolites extracted from microorganisms to induce plant defenses (qPFD® test) or inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi - NABUCO Projet (2015-2018) in collaboration with Agrauxine - Lesaffre Plant Care - Ministry of Agriculture funds.

Thomas Guillemette

Thomas Guillemette

thomas.guillemette @ univ-angers.fr (thomas.guillemette @ univ-angers.fr)

IRHS and SONAS have patented natural substances capable of marking pests more ensitive to plant defenses.

These "sensitines" could act in synergy with PRIs (Plant Resistance Inducers).

Living microorganisms

Fungi, bacteria, viruses. Modes of action: direct effect o the pest, nutritional or spatial competition, stimulation of the defenses of the plant.

Living microorganismsIRHS identifies microorganisms that are aggressive to phytopathogenic fungi -NABUCO project (2015-2018) in collaboration with Agrauxine - Lesaffre Plant Care - Ministry of Agriculture funds.

Thomas Guillemette

Thomas Guillemette

thomas.guillemette @ univ-angers.fr (thomas.guillemette @ univ-angers.fr)

Living microorganismsSamir Rezki's thesis (2014-2017) at IRHS studied the behaviour of microbiota associated with seeds during the transmission of phytopathogenic agents - MetaSEED project (2014-2016) in collaboration with HM Clause and Vilmorin – funded by Région Pays de la Loire

Microbial populations could thus be identified as potential biocontrol agents capable of competing with plant pathogens transmitted by/to seeds.

Mathieu Barret

Matthieu Barret

matthieu.barret @ inra.fr (matthieu.barret @ inra.fr)

FOCUS on PRIs

Plant Resistance Inducers (PRIS): any no-pathogenc micro organism cabalbe of promoting resistance in plants to biotic stress. http://elicitra.org/

PRIs

IRHS and UEH are working on the integration of PRIs in the management of apple orchards under production conditions ( PEPS project - 2014-2018 – Casdar funds and Tavinnov projet -2017-2020- SMaCH INRA meta-programme funds): are particularly studied factors influencing the effectiveness of PRIs (environment, inputs, others), the sustainability of this protection strategy.

Marie-Noelle Brisset

Marie-Noelle Brisset

marie-noelle.brisset @ inra.fr (marie-noelle.brisset @ inra.fr)

Romain Warneys' PhD thesis, carried out at IRHS as part of the Pomme d'épi project (2016-2019 - funded by RFI Objectif Végétal ) and Michaela Skopikova's PhD thesis at SONAS (2017-2020), aim to explore the mode of action of PRIs at different levels (epignetic, transcriptomoc, protein and metabolic) in apple trees.

 
Alexandre Degrave

Alexandre Degrave

alexendre.degrave@agrocampus-ouest.fr

PRIs

The effectiveness of PRIs depends on the physiological state of the plant, which is partly conditioned by abiotic stress IRHS is developing tools for evaluating this physiological state,
based on expression of stress marker genes and imaging techniques (ESTIM project: joint laboratory with SAS Arexhor Pays de la Loire - ANR LabCom funds) and activation of transposable elements.

Mathieu Gaucher

Mathieu Gaucher

mathieu.gaucher @ inra.fr (mathieu.gaucher @ inra.fr)

IRHS seeks to combine constituent defenses, QTLs partial genetic resistance and PRIs to control apple scab. This is the subject of Juliette bénéjam's PhD thesis (2017-2020), associated with the PREDIRE project (2016-2019 - funded by RFI Objectif Végétal ) and QTLstim Project (2017-2020 – INRA funds).

Charles-Eric Durel

Charles-Eric Durel

charle-eric.durel@inra.fr

PRIs

Among the defense genes induced by PRIs, some are involved in the production of volatile organic compounds. IRHS and EGI team of IEPP are studying PRI's ability to modify the behaviour of the aphid by olfactometry and ElectroPenetroGraphy.

Sylvia Anton

Sylvia Anton

sylvia.anton @ inra.fr (sylvia.anton @ inra.fr)